Final Exam Study Guide

1. Explain how to get to the server drives and your folder. You click on "my computer" then you let it open and then you click the "t" server drive and press "Photojournalism" then "8th Period" then your name.


2. Explain how we use blogger.com in this class. We see the post the teacher gave us on http://www.akinsphotojblog.blogspot.com/ to do and we basically answer it on our blog at http://www.blogger.com/ and post them as a post on our blog.


3. Explain the process of creating a pinhole camera. Get an oatmeal can and cover the inside with black construction paper with nothing but black showing. Also cover the cap. But make sure it will still be able to close. After make sure that everything is black. Cut a door about 1.5 inches on each side (only 3 sides! the other side is still stuck on the can, gets a door figure). After that, but a piece of foil covering the square where you can see through the door you made. Put the shinier side facing out. After that put a half a needle through the foil, right in between! So that when you open the door a little light goes through.

4. Explain how the pinhole camera works and how the image is transferred to the paper inside. Put the picture paper in the pinhole camera. The pinhole camera works better with objects that arn't moving, if your a begginer. If its more light the lesser senconds you leave the door open. The less light the more seconds you leave the door open. You can't move the pinhole camera or the picture will come out blurry because of the moving.

5. Know how to define and explain the 10 rules of composition, these 10 rules will be a MAJOR portion of the final and you better know how to recognize these rules, explain these rules and show me you understand them:
5a.  Rule of thirds- Its a picture cut into 9 squares. You want to put the main subject at the very far end of the left or right side. So the subject in the picture has somewhere to go and room to go somewhere.
5b. Balancing Elements- Is to where you put your picture and make sure you show it's balance and where the subject isn't falling out of your picture.
5c. Leading Lines- Any lines in the photo showing it's balance and leading the way to it's main subject in the photo.
5d. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition)-Where the main subject or whatever your picture is, repeats. (Like on the picture of lisa simpson on the plane her picture repeats on the seat screens.)
5e. Viewpoint- Is where you can see the subject in different view points. Like taking a picture of someone from the top or the bottom. If someone is working on something you can stand on a chair and take a picture from the top, which also makes the picture better because you can cut off the people from the backround.
5f. Background/simplicity- Is where there is only "one" main subject in the picture. Nothing else in the backround but "only" that subject.
5g. Create depth- Is where you can tell the depth of the picture. Like taking pictures of a mountain range you can see the different hights. Picture can be 3-D, makes it seem like you can step in the picture easily.
5h. Framing- Is where you take a picture and something can frame your picture. Like trees on the edges of the picture, also balancing it.
5i. Cropping- Is taking a picture but as in taking picture of an eye ball. Cropping everything else of the subject and focusing on something of that subject.
5j. Mergers and avoiding them- Mergers are things that arn't supposed to be in the picture. Like when someone takes a picture behind a tree and it seems like something is coming out of their head. Avoid mergers!

6. Explain how action and emotion impact a photograph- Action and emotion impact a picture because it makes the picture more interesting and wants the person on the picture to think about what the picture is doing or what is happening.

7. Explain how a photo can "tell a story"- A picture can tell a story by whats happening in the picture and you can tell what is happening or what is going to happen.

8. Explain what the word "multimedia" means and share some examples of how we have seen them in class (on the blog)- Videos, text, graphics, images, and audio. We have seen them on the blogs by looking at videos with photographs and audio. It explains the pictures better. Text, which also explains the pictures better. We use it in our blogs to understand pictures and write our opinions about them.

9. Know how to correctly write a caption. I HIGHLY suggest you rewrite the rules on your blog and find at least 2 photos on the internet, post them on your blog and write correct captions for them. This will be a MAJOR portion of the exam as well.
 "Justin Bieber wins four AMA awards in 2010 for best new artist, favorite pop/rock album, favorite pop/rock male, breakthrough artist, and favorite artist. Justin posed with his awards and showed how proud he was for his hard work.
 "Justin performs "Pray" at the AMA awards while a choir joins in for backround singers/assistance. Justin kneeled down to express his emotions while he performed.

10. Explain how "strong action" verbs enhance a caption- It enlarges a caption by the writer explaining more of what is going on in the photograph and telling more detail about it.

11. Explain how ethics come into play in regards to photojournalism and compare and contrast this with fashion photography. You really need to get the idea that changing photos to fit a need or to make something look like something else is VERY unacceptable in photojournalism.- Ethics play a big part in photography because people can change pictures and add things in pictures and that is unecceptable!

12. Explain the difference between a portrait and a self portrait.- A self portrait is when "you" take a picture of your self. Portrait is when someone else takes a picture of someone.

13. Explain what characteristics of a good portrait are.- Characteristics of a good portrait are

14. Explain what the major differences are between newspaper and yearbook. - Newspaper you tell a story for the picture and the subject. Yearbook you write about peoples opinions and the people's pictures, also has spreadsheets.

1. Aperture- A device that controls the amount of light admitted through an opening. In photography and digital photography, aperture is the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor.

2. Shutter- A mechanical device of a camera that controls the duration of a photographic exposure, as by opening and closing to allow light coming through the lens to expose a plate or film.

 3. Exposure- The image resulting from the effects of light rays on a photosensitive surface.

4. F-stop- Number is a ratio of the focal length of the lens to the diameter of the aperture.

5. Single lens reflex- Is a camera that uses a semi-automatic moving mirror system which permits the photographer to sometimes see exactly what will be captured by the film or digital imaging system, as opposed to pre-SLR cameras where the view through the viewfinder could be.

6. Negative- A piece of photographic film showing an image with light and shade or colors reversed.

7. Positive- A film showing a photographic image whose tones correspond to those of the original subject.
8. Contact sheet- An 81/2 x 11 sheet of photo paper with 6 to 8 color images, generally referred to as proofs.
9. Agitation- Keeping a chemical moving.

10. Enlarger- A specialised transparency projector used to produce photographic prints from film or glass negatives using the gelatin-silver process, or transparencies.

11. Stop bath- An acidic bath that is used after the developer to stop development and reduce fixer contamination.

12. Fixer- Used for processing all commonly used films, including black and white films, colour negative film.

13. Safe light- A light source suitable for use in a photographic darkroom.

14. Burning- Increases the exposure to areas of the print that should be darker.

15. Dodging- Reducing the exposure to areas of a print that would otherwise be too dark (specialized darkroom technique).

Choice Sheets

If I have space for next year, I would like to do Newspaper II. Because it will be easier for me to do, since I don't know all the page creating technology. And since I have opinions sometimes, then the whole school can read it!

Yearbook

http://www.walsworthyearbooks.com/showcase/theme-gallery/images/pride/pride-sprd-45.jpg

Newspaper

http://my.hsj.org/Schools/Newspaper/tabid/100/newspaperid/2136/view/frontpage/Default.aspx

Abondoned Theme Parks

1. I would like to visit Takakanonuma Greenland, Hobara, Japan and Russian Village, Niigata, Japan. I would like to go there because the weather in the pictures makes it more interesting and catches my attention. And it seems interesting to go take pictures of things that were used before and each have a story.

2.

3. Abondoned Auditorium, Closed Down School, Pet Adoption, Ghetto Neighborhood, and Junk Yard.

4. Abondoned Auditorium

 

5. I think it would be fun to document that location because you see things that people left behind for people to see. And how it looks like after. And you can take pictures of other things now and not just of people performing.

6. I would need to go somewhere where there is actually an abondened auditorium. I would need a camera, a location and how I would get there. Money to get there and to buy the equipment I will need for the stay. And I would probably need permission from the place owner before taking pictures.

Print Evaluation - My First Print

1.) The people in the backround are sharp in the photo.

a.)  The backround is in focus. The main subject isn't.

b.) I didn't give the camera enough time for it to focus.

2.) It has more of the darker color.

3.) No. But I have the rule of thirds. ( No. It doesn't have a frame. It doesn't contain action, it contains academic work. I don't know. Yes it does.)

a.) I used the rule of thirds. I placed her at the position for rule of thirds and cropped her in the right place so It doesn't look like she's falling out of the picture.

b.) I could correct it by making it simplicity and the backround to be not focused.

4.) No.

5.) A lighter spot on back of the dudes shirt.

a.) I think it's for sure because of the people who developed my negatives.

6.) Yes.

Caption:

Stephanie Baquera is the main subject.

Working on class work.

In class learning.

While the teacher was teaching a lecture.

To learn.

Let's write a caption:

Stephanie works on her classwork on her desk to learn the lecture Mr. Gomez was teaching during his class.

Stephanie was working on her classwork while she sat on her desk learning about the lecture Mr. Gomez had gave.

Portraits And Self-Portraits - Start Looking

Favorite Self-Portrait

 

Professional Portrait



What makes a good picture is a picture that you really want to take. A good picture is a picture that has atleast some of the rules. Also a picture that you can see and tell what the person or object is doing. A good picture is a picture that gets alot of views or attention.

I would like to use the rule of thirds and backround. I think Im better in those pictures. Just because I can think of the topic right away sometimes and have good focus in doing them.

Ethics In Fashion Photography

1) They made her freckles disappear, put ALOT of make up, added fake eye lashes. Edited it on the computer. Made her neck longer. Made her eyes bigger. Tanned he skin more.

2) It's not ok because at the end it changes her appearance. She doesn't look the same as she normally did. At the end it's pretty much all fake.

3) It can be worse I guess like changing more things about a models face. Much worse could of been a full body picture. They probably would of changed her curves in some other way, coulc of made them bigger or smaller.

4) The ok changes would be if it was a give away picture and you want to change something of your appearance. But I think it would be better if you didn't change anything because it would be all naturual.

5) There is a big difference between photography for journalism and fashion. Journalism photo's are pictures that inspire you or others. Pictures you take just the way they look. Fashion is pictures that arn't real. Pictures that get edited in every single little thing.

6) Photography has a real close realtionship to reality because it affects girls in reality. This affects the paractice ethical of each because sometimes it's not right because it effects us girls in so many ways. It can make us go through hard things in life and make our life worse.

Negatives Evaluation

I think all of my pictures turned out pretty good. Not like professional pictures but good enought for academic subject.

I think picture number 20 will come out the best because it has academic subject and it's a pretty good picture after all. It's like in the corner and it's not blurry.. I think it's not.

I think it has good focus, and thats because she wasn't really moving. My picture doesn't look blurry and it's focused on each corner that I can tell of.

I think it's in the rule of thirds and it's in simplicity because you can tell what I'm aiming for. (The girl)



Photo Manipulation And Ethics

Kahana and other photographers manipulate images which is not a good thing. Like Brian Walski, he got fired because of putting two images together which were tooken at two different times. For example, Allan Detrich manipulated an image and made it seem like every one was praying when they weren't. About 79 photos were manipulated that year.

I don't think this is acceptable because things can happen if people do this. Like maybe a war thinking that something in that  photo actually happened. And your changing photos and that isn't right.

I think this one was the most unethical because it can make people think that the soilders are bad people in some ways. And can change peoples thoughts about soilders in the army and whatever. It also makes the soilder look bad.

I think this is the least unethical because they fixed her teeth! I mean who wouldn't want their teeth fixed on the picture, especially since the whole world is going to see it. I don't think this was a bad problem because it doesn't really make a difference. It actutally makes the picture better. It's not as bad as the others because the others have to do with government and all those high top subjects.

Drug Cartels In Mexico

I think that Juarez, Mexico is a "sad city" because there is so much killing every week. Even students bearly in college are dying at such a young age. Being shot is especially a bad thing to end with. The cartels are dangerouse people and kill people real easily without people catching them. They kill families if you pretty much mess with them or whatever. Antebi is also really careful in taking pictures of officers because their families can be murdered, etc. I wouldn't like to live there, I'd probably be dead in about a year if I messed with Cartels.

1)"The average ordinary resident of Juarez, their life is in danger every day."

2)"You just never know if some distant cousin, perhaps, has done something, and someone is exercising revenge on them by killing you."

3)"Only in Juarez do the good guys wear masks."

These quotes are sentences Jeff Antebi said. And I agree with them because since reading that short story about Juarez, Mexico... it tell's alot. And It would really be sad and scary living there. In sentence 1, Antebi is saying that Juarez is a dangerouse place to live in according to the daily basis scheadule that happens. In the 2nd sentence, he is saying that what if someone you know did something so the cartels want to take revenge on your family and that family member ends up being you, that would be freakin scary! But of course it wouldn't to you (the person they kill) because you would be dead to even think about it! On the 3rd sentence, he is saying that the good guys are the ones who have to wear the masks! Now thats horrible. They have to wear them so their families wont be murdered. Thats really horrible that the good guys are the ones wearing the masks.

My favorite picture was the third picture. Not because he's dead or anything, but because it tells alot and shows how people are left in the middle of the dessert murdered. The photographer used simplicity. Well besides the car in the back, which frame the picture. I like this picture because it's in black and white and shows that the picture is sad and dead. It doesn't have color, because that would be maybe an i don't care or happy picture. This is an interesting picture to me because if we read the story and needed a picture to go with it, this would be a perfect picture for the finishing picture.

Making A Black And White Print

Equipment

Timers

Drying Cabinets

Tongs Or Spatula

Enlargers

Focusing Aids

Safelights

Chemicals

Developer

Stop Bath

Fixer

Wash

Summary

Focus the light using a knob usually found just to the right of the lens until a rectangle of even light covers the baseboard. Switch off the enlarger light. Place a sheet of print paper on the baseboard, emulsion, or shiny side, up. Place negatives emulsion-side-up on top of the print paper and lay a piece of glass over the negatives to hold them in place. Set the enlarger timer for 10 seconds. Time will vary depending on the density of the negative. Switch on the timer. After the print paper has been exposed, remove it and place it in a developer tray.

Resin-coated paper stays in the developer 1 minute, while fiber-based paper stays in for 2 or more minutes. Take the paper out of the developer with tongs. Let all excess liquid drain off of the paper before placing it in the stop bath tray. Place in stop bath tray, leaving resin-coated paper in the stop bath for 15 seconds and fiber-based paper for 30 seconds. Take paper out of the stop bath and place in fixer for 1 to 2 minutes for resin-coated paper and 2 to 10 minutes for fiber-based paper. Remove from fixer and place in wash for 2 to 5 minutes when using resin-coated paper and 30 to 60 minutes when using fiber-based paper. Take out of wash and place on drying cabinet.

Emulsion

A composition sensitive to some or all of the actinic rays of light, consisting of one or more of the silver halides suspended in gelatin, applied in a thin layer to one surface of a film or the like.

Aperture

Also called aperture stop . Optics . an opening, usually circular, that limits the quantity of light that can enter an optical instrument.

Masking Easel

Baseboard of an enlarger that holds photographic paper flat during exposure.

Exposure

The image resulting from the effects of light rays on a photosensitive surface.

Safe Light

A darkroom light with a filter that transmits only those rays of the spectrum to which films, printing paper, etc., are not sensitive.

Dodging

Also, hold back. Photography . (in printing) to shade (an area of a print) from exposure for a period, while exposing the remainder of the print in order to lighten or eliminate the area.

Burning

Burn in, Photography . (in printing) to expose (one part of an image) to more light by masking the other parts in order to darken and give greater detail to the unmasked area. Also, print in.

Post Shoot Reflection

It was hard because there was always people moving. I took pictures mainly of people "acting" they were working. Since they knew we were talking pictures of people doing something. I forgot the word. But they actutally look pretty realistic. Hopefully they came out good.

I had kind of trouble on all of the aspects. The camera I had was easy to work with so it wasn't as hard as I thought it was going to be. I took pictures where there wasn't much movement and where there was enough light. Not too much nor too little.

I tried to use the rule of thirds alot. Because I think it's the easiest. And the one where it's backround/simple because it's easier in taking the picture without worrying other things that might come in the pictures.

I would feel more comfortable going into classes. And less worry on how i look taking the pictures.. It's because I didn't want to look dumb taking a picture, and like doing a wrong position or whatever. But next time I'll just do whatever so my pictures can come out better :)



Processing Black and White Photos

Equipment

Negative Storage Files

Stirring Rods

Thermometers

Scissors

Storage Bottles

Scissors

Darkroom Timers

Developing Tank And Reels

Film-hanging Clips

Fixer

Hypo Clearing Agent

Plastic Graduates

Stop Bath

Thermometers

Chemicals

Developer

Stop Bath

Fixer

Summary

• Go into a room with no light! Open the canister with a can opener. Unroll the film and break off the piece the piece at the end. Put the film in the reel and roll it up. Put it in the developing tank and close it, make sure no light go's in. Then turn on the light.
• Remove the top lid off the developing tank. Pour in 4 oz of developer into a graduated cylinder and then fill it up, up to 32 oz but the rest with water (not hot water, but warm). Agitate the tank for 30 seconds and then let sit rest for 6.5 minutes if your temperature is about 75 degrees. Pour out the liquid.
• Pour in stop bath until it fills up and agitate for two minutes then let sit for two minutes. Pour it out.
• Fill up all the way with fixer. Agitate for 1 minute and let sit for 1 minute. Pour fixer back into its bottle.
• Remove the lid and let water run in it for 15 mintues. Then add wetting agent to the water to expedite the drying. Remove the film from the tank.
• Attach a clip to the end of the film, pull the film off the reel and attach another clip at the opposite end.
• Hang the film in a dry, dust-free area. Store dry negatives in plastic negative sleeves.



Contact sheet

A contact print, usually of all frames of a developed roll of negative print film, used as a proof print.

Agitation

The act of moving something vigorously; the shaking or stirring of something.

Enlarger

an apparatus used for making projection prints, having a head for holding, illuminating, and projecting a film negative and a bed for holding a sheet of sensitized printing paper.

Developer

A solution of a chemical reducing agent that converts the latent image recorded in the emulsion of a film or paper into a visible image.

Stop Bath

An acid bath or rinse for stopping the action of a developer before fixing a negative or print.

Fixer

A solution containing one or more chemical compounds that is used, in fixing, to dissolve unexposed silver halides. It sometimes has an additive to stop the action of developer.